English Grammar

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Grammar Focus

Plural nouns show that there is more than one of something. Most nouns simply add -s to form the plural (e.g., book → books, car → cars). However, some words change spelling:

• Nouns ending in -ch, -sh, -x, -s, or -z usually add -es:
  ➤ box → boxes, bus → buses
• Words ending in -o often take -es:
  ➤ tomato → tomatoes
• If a noun ends in a consonant + y, change -y to -ies:
  ➤ party → parties
• Some nouns are irregular and change completely:
  ➤ child → children, man → men

These rules help you recognize and form correct plural words in both writing and speech.

✅ 🗣️ Why This Grammar Matters for Listening and Speaking

Knowing plural noun forms helps you understand everyday conversations and express yourself clearly. In real life, plurals appear in many common situations, such as:

• Talking about daily life:
  ➤ “I have three brothers.”
  ➤ “There are apples in the bag.”
• Making requests or offers:
  ➤ “Can you bring the boxes?”
  ➤ “We need more chairs.”
• Listening for details: In conversations or instructions, missing the plural -s sound can change meaning:
  ➤ “He wants pens” vs. “He wants a pen.”

Being able to hear and use plural forms helps you sound more natural, avoid misunderstandings, and connect better with both native and non-native speakers.

Now, let’s practice your grammar skills with a game.

Let’s practice plural nouns in everyday situations! These questions will help you listen for -s and -es sounds and talk about more than one person, place, or thing. Try to use new words from the lesson. Say the plural endings clearly so people understand you. You can practice by yourself, with a partner, or in a group.

Talk About Everyday Things:
What are some things you use every day? Use plural nouns like “books,” “keys,” or “glasses.”
➤ For example: “I always carry my keys and glasses.”
➤ “I use two notebooks for school.”

Describe What You See:
Look around the room or outside. What plural things do you see?
➤ For example: “There are three chairs and two windows.”
➤ “I see birds and trees outside.”

Talk About Your Family or Friends:
How many brothers, sisters, or cousins do you have? Use plural forms to describe them.
➤ For example: “I have two brothers. They are tall.”
➤ “My cousins live in California. They are students.”

Shopping and Food:
What do you usually buy at the store or market?
➤ For example: “I buy tomatoes, potatoes, and eggs.”
➤ “We need apples, bananas, and carrots.”

Talk About Activities or Classes:
What classes or sports do you enjoy? Use plural nouns.
➤ For example: “I take English and math classes.”
➤ “My friends play soccer and video games.”